Photo-litho



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY D. STOVER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLANING-VIACI-IINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 29,923, dated September 4, 1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY D. STOVER, of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented a new and useful Dimension planing-Machine forDressing Lumber; and I hereby declare that the following specification,in connection with the accompanying drawings and references thereon,constitute a lucid, clear, and exact description of the construction anduse of the same.

In referring to the drawings, Figure l, denotes a plan or top view of mymachine as used for dressing dimension lumber. Fig. 2, a side elevationof the same. Fig. 3, a front end elevation with platen removed, and feedrolls in operation, with cutter head for surface dressing'boards. Fig.t, a transverse and vertical section of the same, through the center offeed rolls, and other connected parts, when the feed rolls are inoperative position. Fig. 5, a longitudinal and vertical, and centralsection; with feed rolls also in operative position. Fig. 6, a front endof one part of dogging apparatus, and the top platen in part.

The nature of my invention consists, first, of a dogging apparatushaving adjustable incline planes so operating against correspondingpieces attached to the platen, that any desired pressure, by theadjustable incline planes, may be had to press the dogs forward into thelumber, and down on to the platen, by turning a single screw; also, inthe combination of revolving nut, transverse bar carrying the dogs, andguide bar for guiding both the dogs straight ahead, or nearly so, by theturning a single screw, so that they will both always enter the end ofthe board whether it be square or angular, with equal pressure; also, inso constructing the cutting cylinder, that the blades may be bolted flatto the central part; and still impart a shearing or drawing stroke tothe lumber; also, in so constructing the cutting cylinders that thecutting blades may be moved to, or from the axis of the cylinder, andits central part back of the cutting edge being shaped like a cap, tothe ordinary plane iron, the tipping of the blade consti* tuting thiscap shaped portion of the cylinder, an adjustable heel, for causing theblade to cut smooth over knotty and gnarly wood, and at the same timeremove a light or heavy chip; also, in so combining the roll, and platenfeed that, by the simple act of throwing one out of feed, it will throwthe other into feed and vice versa; also, in so constructing the feedroll boxes that they carry their own pressure within them, and so as tobe moved up and down by a screw; also, in making the platen in two partswith a ball between so that the top part may be tipped and secured,universally in any position so that a piece may be planed tapering, any,land every way if desired; also, in forming mouth pieces or openingsbetween the teeth of the solid dogging racks to prevent shavings andchips lodging and clogging therein.

Construction-To enable persons skilled in the art to which my inventionappertains to construct and carry out the same, I will describe it asfollows.

I construct a bed piece of wood, seen at A, to the top I secure tracksor ways seen at N. I alsoprovide rollers seen at B4, and

made adjustable by stands Ct, to which they are attached by studs, onwhich they freely revolve. The periphery of each roller B, may beraised, and secured by screws D4, and slots E4, in stands C4, so as toreceive the entire weight of the platen, to move easily upon them.. Theplaten is made of two main parts seen at B, and C, with a ball F,between, and keeping the two at a distance apart; This ball allows thetop platen B, to be tipped or canted in any direction, and be secured bystraps a, and screws, or otherwise. The advantages of a level platen,and a universally inclinable one, in the same machine and altogether,are obvious. It requires but a moments time to adjust it for planing'level and parallel, or for any, and every, taper desired.

Two standards seen at D, are firmly secured on cach side of the bedpiece A, and additionally secured at their top by a cross plate E. Thedrive shaft is seen at H, secured so as to revolve in bed piece A, thedrive wheel being seen at J. The front edges of standards D, aboveplaten B, are shaped a curve, described from the axis of the drive shaftH. This allows the drive belt to be of uniform tension at whateverelevation the cutter head may be, which the belt drives.

The cutter head U2 is suspended to freely revolve in the frame Z, whichmay be moved up, or down, on the curved edges of standards D, andsecured by screws t, Fig. 1. Cavities, seen at r, Fig. 5, are formed inthe central part of the cutter head U2. These cavities allow the cuttingblades V2 to be tipped on the edges or caps o, by the screws c, and a',the latter holding the blades V2, firmly to the central part U2, and theformer stopping them in any desired position. By this arrangement theedge fu, is made an adjustable cap which is of the greatest importancein planing both hard, and soft, knotty, and gnarly, wood. A thin edgecan be given the blades and they set as near the outer revolving line aspossible. In this position, soft wood will be dressed in the bestmanner. For hard wood the blades must not be ground so thin, as for softwood, and their back edges set nearer to the central part U2, the exactposition being determined by the kind of hard wood being worked, the capo, changing its relation with the blades as the latter are tipped, whichmakes the caps exactly what are wanted in all cases. The blades edgesshould be a little crowning to dress the board level transversely.

A pressure roll Z2, Figs. 1 and 5, is placed just forward of the cuttingcylinder and its downward pressure given it by rubber spring r, Fig. 5,which is held in cavities by caps A2, Figs. 1, 2, and 5.

I cnstruct a matching apparatus to be used with the platen, as follows:A stand seen at T, is secured to the posts D. To this stand a stud X2,is secured on which revolve the drive wheel V, and belt wheels U, fordriving the cutters B2, Fig. 5, by band around their pulleys IV, and X,Fig. 1, one or both of these cutters may swing laterally and are keptagainst the edges of board by spring A1", Fig. 1, they being guided bypin or roller Y, shown in dotted lines Fig. 1. Thus by communicatingpower to drive wheel V, the matching cutters are put in motion to matchthe board at the same time it is being dressed.

The dogging apparatus at the rear end of the platen consists of two castiron bars B1", with projections c, at suitable intervals to receive theback catches 7c, of the dog D, while its forward ends y', hook under thelower edge of racks or bars B10, so that by l simply tipping up the backedge of dog D, it may be readily slid along. back or forth, and droppeddown into the desired position, and is then ready for use, cavities seenat e, are formed between the projections c, to prevent accumulation andclogging of dirt, dust, chips, and shavings.

The forward dogging apparatus consists of an iron frame E, a portion ofeach side being projected down, to which the adjustable incline planesJ, Fig. 2, are hinged, the

other end of these planes being raised or lowered by screws K, properlythreaded to suitable projections on the frame E. Pins or surfaces A4Fig. 2, are firmly secured to the top B, of the platen, against whichthe incline planes receive support when the lumber is being dogged. Iconstruct a screw seen at H, which turns in stand M, and at its pointby, or in another bearing not shown. This screw has a balance wheel I',attached firmly to its outer end, 'by which it is turned, the screw notmoving lengthwise, but only revolving. A revolving nut G, Fig. 1, isfitted to this screw and carries a swinging cross bar L, each end beingconnected to a dog F, which enters and holds the lumber, these dogsbeing guided at their forward ends by cross bar C7, Fig. 6. Thus by thisarrangement, and turning the single screw I-I, the dogs are forcedforward and into the piece, regardless of whether it is square orangular, and at the same time by giving the incline planes J, thedesired pitch, the dogs are held down and forward with great firmness,and this pitch can be instantly changed by simply turning screws K', upor down, to accommodate the pressure or squeeze to any piece desired tobe planed.

A gear rack C10 is secured to the under side of platen C, which mayproject forward for running the platen back out of the way when the feedrolls are to be used. The feed consists of a shaft X', suspended in twostands R and S, secured to each side of bed A. A pinion P5, is securedfirmly to shaft X, and between it and stand S, a swinging sleeve P2 isfitted so as to turn freely thereon, the inner end of which has aprojection S2, which carries pinion Q2, meshing into and driven bypinion P5. The outer' end has also a projection R, positioned at adifferent angle so that when the roll frame Q, is thrown up, it strikesthe projection R4, lowers it, and raises pinion Q2 directly into gearwith rack C10, and platen B, and when the rolls hereafter described arebrought down into use, the pinion gear Q2, drops from rack C10, as willbe readily seen.

A friction wheel G, is secured to shaft X. Back of this I hinge a leverL at the point Q. To this lever I attach three belt wheels N, A, and B,the last two having friction pulleys O and P, which with wheel G, areall covered with leather. A suitable belt from pulley I, on drive shaftH passes around and communicates motion to pulleys A, and B, which carrythe friction pulleys O, and P. Near the upper end of lever L, I secure abar M firmly to standard D, which has several holes a, made in it, forthe lever L to catch and hold by its pointer y, shaped on the outsidelike a screw head. Thus if a heavy load is upon the platen B, it can bevery easily and gradually started, by pressing the lever L, so thatfriction pulley O, will press upon wheel G until fairly started then letthe catch y spring' into one of the holes a, and the platen will run aslong as may be desired. To reverse the movement, move the lever L in anopposite direction, so that pulley l?, will press upon wheel G. If nomovement is wanted of platen B, place the lever L, so that neitherpulley O, nor P, will touch wheel G.

I construct a frame of iron, seen at Q and 1V'. To each side of thisframe I iit a lower box T', in which revolves, the lower feed roll O21,on its shaft V'. Above these boxes I fit another at each side of theframe seen at R', which are constructed so as to carry the upper feedroll O by its shaft V. These boxes R' have each a cavity formed throughthem, in which a nut C" freely slides vertically but not to turn around.rFliese nuts receive the screws O2, having a wheel Y to turn them andAwhich turn in caps M2, and are prevented from rising by collars L2 andpins m. Below the collars L2, I place a cap nut N2, which also isthreaded to screws02, and slides freely up and down, but cannot turn.Between this cap nut and the top of boxes R', I place a cylinder orpiece of india rubber S, which is compressed to any desired pressure byturning down cap nuts N2, then put all together, as seen in the drawing,and the pressure downward on roll O', is always the same, whether theroll O', is high or low, and its vertical movement does not materiallychange its pressure, as the screws O2, move the cap nuts N', and boxes Rprecisely alike, the rubber S', being between and constituting thepressure for the feed roll O'. rihe board I2 pressing up the roll 0'raises boxes It' up against the rubber S', and leaving the nuts C", toslide as before stated.

The rolls O' and O21 are connected in movement, by pinion gears U', andat the opposite end of lower feed roll shaft V' a gear A2 is secured, bywhich motion is communicated to drive the rolls O' and O21 by stud gearsB2 and C2, drive gear Z, secured to the shaft X', so that by simplylowering the frame Q the roll feed is connected, and the platen feeddisconnected, and by the act of raising` the frame Q' the platen feed isconnected and the roll feed disconnected.

An iron platen BG, is firmly secured to frame Q, at about the height,and on a line with, and either side of top portion of lower feed rollO21, over which the board passes through the machine. This platen mayextend under the cutter head U2, or one made on purpose seen at Y2, andsecured to standards D, the top of course always being of the sameheight. It is not practical to use the platen B, with feed rolls O andO21, because it frequently requires refacing and consequent lowering andwould of course be constantly out of line with feed rolls.

Matching cutters or heads seen at J2, Figs. l and 2, are secured torevolve in sliding bars D2 and E2, which may be placed on either side ofrolls O and 022, so that a board of any ordinary width can be readilythrust between the guides G2, and the guides H2 and matching cutters J2are both kept up by springs K2, to the edge of the board to follow andmatch it correctly, regardless of its taper, or the direction it may runthrough.

Figs. l and 2 show my machine with its platen only in use, and Figs. 3,4, and 5, show the feed rolls in use. To change t-he platen, to the rollfeed, run the platen back by the machine, as indicated in- Fig. 5, placein the platen Y2, lower the feed rolls, and all is ready. To change toplaten feed, reverse the operation, all as herein shown.

I claim:

l. Constructing that part of the dogging apparatus E', carrying the dogsF', with adjustable and variable inclined planes J', pressing againstpins or surfaces A4 attached to the platen B, so that any desiredpressure, by the adjustable planes J', may be given, both to press thedogs forward into the lumber, and hold them securely down to the platen,by the turning of a single screw H', essentially in the mannerdescribed.

2. rlhe combination of `the downward drawn guide bar C7, with the dogsF' cross bar L and revolving nut G' substantially in the manner and forthe purpose set forth.

The employment of flat cutters beveled on their outer surface, andparallel to the axis of the cutter head; the cutting edges being in thesurface of a cylinder whose axis is coincident with the axis of motion,so as to impart a drawing stroke substantially as set forth.

4L. The combination of the cutting cylinder U2 formed with recesses rand pressure edge '11', with the peculiarly constructed cutters V2 andthe devices by which they are adjusted upon the cutter head and securedthereto, substantially as specified.

5. So constructing, arranging and combining the parts constituting theroll feed;- 2'.. c.-the shaft X', pinions A2, B2, C2 and Z or theirequivalents, and the platen feed z'. c. shaft X', lever sleeve P2, armsR2 and S2, and pinions P5 and Q2, that by the act of lowering the rollsto be used its feed is connected and the platen feed disconnected; andby the raising of the rolls the feed is connected with the platensubstantially as set forth.

6. Making the platen in two parts B and C, with e ball F between, sothat the top so as to be invariable under any elevation of partmny betipped universally, and secured feed roll substantially as described.

by straps u, 01l otherwise, in any position, f 1 so thath piece may beplaned level and par- HENRY D' SFGVLR' 5 allel n thickness, or taperingas set forth. Witnesses:

7. S0 constructing the feed roll boxes R E. W. SCOTT, that they ear-rythe pressure Within them TEMPLE TEBBETTS.

